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| Control or Learning? Cognitive Mechanisms of the Proportion Congruency Effect |
| 1. School of Psychology，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510631，China; 2. Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525GD, Netherlands; 3. School of education, Handan University, Handan, 056005, China |
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Abstract Proportion congruency effect refers to the phenomenon that the size of congruency effect varies with changes in the ratio of congruent and incongruent trials. This phenomenon suggests that individuals have the ability to flexibly adapt to the environment, although the underlying cognitive mechanisms remain unclear. The paper initiates by introducing the different categories of proportion congruency effects. Subsequently, it systematically summarizes the key factors that exert influence on this phenomenon. Finally, it organized and analyzed the existing theories. Unresolved issues in the field are summarized, and future research is proposed to further refine theoretical models of attention and learning, analyze the factors that influence the selection of attention and learning strategies, and explore the practical applications of the proportion congruency effect.
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Published: 31 October 2023
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