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2017 Vol. 23, No. 2
Published: 2017-05-16
 
99 Neural Mechanisms of Bottom-up Attention
ZHANG Xi-lin, FANG fang
The stimulus-driven contribution to the allocation of attention is bottom-up attention. Investigating its neural mechanisms leads to a better understanding of how the brain creates consciousness. Although bottom-up selection is typically quick and potent, there are controversies concerning the brain regions involved. Two models with their respective evidence about bottom-up attention over the past decades were reviewed: the saliency-based attention and primary visual cortex (V1) saliency map models. Finally, we discussed issues for future studies.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 99-109 [Abstract] ( 752 ) PDF (2023 KB)  ( 1178 )
110 Character order encoding influence on top-down word processing in Chinese reading
LIU Zhifang, SU Yongqiang, CHEN Zhaoyang, ZHANG Zhijun, SU Heng
Using boundary paradigm, present study investigated how character order encoding influence on word predictability effects. It were found that preview transposed character noword condition eliminate the word predictability effect which indicated that character order encoding in preview phrase influenced on top-bottom word procession, and that the condition of transposed character noword in fixation phrase did not influence predictability effect which indicated that character order encoding in fixation phrase did not influenced on top-bottom word procession. We also have found that participants fixated on target word region longer in both preview transposed character noword condition and transposed character noword in fixation phrase condition than in transposed character noword condition which indicated that character order encoding in these two phrases were not strict for word procession.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 110-118 [Abstract] ( 405 ) PDF (944 KB)  ( 932 )
119 Left-behind Children’s Academic Self-Efficacy and School Adjustment: A Latent Growth Modeling Approach
SHI Lei-shan，QIANG Dong-mei， GAO Feng-qiang
With the increasing economic disparity and rapid urbanization in China, a large number of rural residents migrate to cities to seek employment and leave their children behind in the rural area. Many researchers have raised concerns about the neglect of left-behind children in China’s rural villages. Despite the growing body of literature focusing on left-behind children’ school adjustment and academic self-efficacy, this work has been limited to cross-sectional studies. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between left-behind children’ academic self-efficacy and school adjustment using a design and analytic approach that attempts to overcome some of the limitations of previous research. Based on our conceptual model, the research formulated the following two hypotheses: H1: There will be a change in left-behind children’ school adjustment over time; that is, there will be within-person variability in a participant’s level of left-behind children’ school adjustment.H2: Change in left-behind children’ academic self-efficacy is positively related to change in left-behind children’ school adjustment. Participants were 142 left-behind children in junior middle school, who were followed up for two years from grade seven to grade eight. Assessments of left-behind children’s academic self-efficacy and school adjustment were obtained from self-reports at four time points. The results showed: (1) the linear trend of left-behind children’s school adjustment was not significant, but significant individual differences in initial levels and change in left-behind children’s school adjustment were found.(2) In controlling for gender and social economic status, the initial level of academic self-efficacy has significant positive impact on the initial level of school adjustment, but not on the development speed of school adjustment. (3)The change of academic self-efficacy has positive impact on the development speed of academic school adjustment.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 119-127 [Abstract] ( 533 ) PDF (1008 KB)  ( 1370 )
128 Study on the intention and behavior of college students watching CSL
SU Rong-hai, XU Mao-zhou
The study used the theory of planned behavior to compile questionnaires which collected the remarkable soccer watching faith of the Chinese university students in an open guide style. We used SPSS 12, Amos20.0 to process data and mainly discussed their behavior model when watching CSL (Chinese Football Association Super League). The results showed that: (1) the controlled beliefs had the biggest indirect effects on their soccer watching behavior intention; (2) indirect measurement had a higher predictability on their soccer watching behavior intention; (3) The leading factors that influenced the watching behavior maybe diverse due to different research perspectives; (4) the study confirms their watching behavior intention can predict their watching behavior effectively.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 128-142 [Abstract] ( 509 ) PDF (2662 KB)  ( 1101 )
143 Effects of Mentoring on Freshmen Adaptation to University: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy
WANG Ying, ZHANG Xiao-yi, WANG Jian-min
Based on the social support theory and social cognition theory, we propose that self-efficacy may mediate the relationship among mentoring and student adaptation to university in this study. Participants were 523 freshmen in Beijing and Xi’an universities. The questionnaire for students included mentoring, self-efficacy, and student adaptation to college questionnaire. Theoretical hypotheses were tested by hierarchical linear modeling and structural equation modeling. As the result showed, self-efficacy could be a mediator of the relationship between mentoring and freshmen adaptation to university. Mentoring has positive effect on student adaptation to university and self-efficacy is the mediating variable between mentoring and student adaptation to university. School managers should provide well-rounded mentoring guidance and pay more attention to freshmen’s self-efficacy.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 143-151 [Abstract] ( 617 ) PDF (877 KB)  ( 1277 )
152 Research on the Relationship among Servant Leadership, Moral Identity and Unethical Pro-Organization Behaviors
WU Ming-zheng, SHAO Xiao-lu, SUN Xiao-ling, LI Ning
Unethical pro-organizational behaviors (UPB) refer to employees’ unethical behaviors for the benefits of an organization and/or its members. This study explored the effect of servant leadership on UPB, and the moderating role of moral identity on the relation. The results demonstrated that servant leadership had an inverted U-shaped (curvilinear) relationship with UPB. It was also revealed that moral identity internalization moderated the inverted U-shaped (curvilinear) relationship between servant leadership and UPB, in that the inverted U-shaped (curvilinear) relationship existed among individual who were low but not high in moral identity internalization. Besides, U-shaped relationship (curvilinear) between servant leadership and UPB could not be moderated by moral identity symbolization.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 152-161 [Abstract] ( 479 ) PDF (744 KB)  ( 1122 )
162 The impact of feeling of power on advice-seeking: The effects of confidence and humility
ZHU Jing, DUAN Jin-yun, HUANG Cai-yun, TIAN Xiao-ming
The study investigated the relationship between power and advice-seeking as well as its mechanism and boundary condition. We carried out three studies to test our hypothesis. In study 1, based on the data collected from 102 employees by a method of questionnaire survey, we found the positive relationship between power and advice-seeking and the mediation of confidence. We then conducted an experiment of 119 student participants to know the causal relationship between power, confidence and advice-seeking. At last, the negative moderation of humility was tested by a method of experiment based on the data of 179 students.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 162-174 [Abstract] ( 551 ) PDF (837 KB)  ( 1480 )
175 The Influence of Guanxi Quality on Individuals’ Whistleblowing Decision: Moderating Effect of Power
LIU Yong-mei, ZOU Yi, WEI Xu-hua
This study examined the factors that influence individuals’ whistleblowing decision. Study 1 and study 2 were laboratory experiment which examined the effect of guanxi quality and power on whistleblowing decision respectively. Study 3 was a situational experiment which examined the effects of guanxi quality, power and their interaction on whistleblowing decision. Results indicated that guanxi quality has a significant negative effect on whistleblowing decision and power has a significant positive effect on whistleblowing decision. Moreover, the interaction of guanxi quality and power has a significant negative moderating effect on whistleblowing decision. That is, for individuals with high power, guanxi quality make no difference to their whistleblowing decision; for individuals with low power, guanxi quality has a significant negative effect on their whistleblowing decision.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 175-184 [Abstract] ( 530 ) PDF (789 KB)  ( 1032 )
185 Traffic accidents induced Posttraumatic stress disorder in humans
CHEN Guo-Liang, CUI Hong, XU Peng,XU Jun-Yang, JIANG Zhong-Dong,ZHANG Lei, DING Wei-Yan, LI Yan-Song
Traffic accidents are considered as one of the most important causes of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is usually accompanied by other psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Even after the accident has passed for a while, symptoms of PTSD still seem to persist or recap and to be easily transitioned into chronic phases, thereby bringing economic burden on the patients’ family and the society. In this article, we review the epidemiology of traffic accidents-induced PTSD, discuss main clinical symptoms and factors influencing these symptoms, summarize important cognitive deficits in relation to PTSD induced by traffic accidents and the possible effect of these deficits on functional outcomes, and point to the future direction in this field.
2017 Vol. 23 (2): 185-192 [Abstract] ( 520 ) PDF (745 KB)  ( 1215 )
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