Pilots' risk-taking behaviors threaten aviation safety directly. Based on psychological and behavioral sciences, firstly, this study systematically sorted out the theoretical mechanism and structural components of pilot risk-taking, mined and extracted pilot risk-taking behaviors through the framework of non-technical skills; Then, it analyzed the personality and cognitive factors that affect pilot risk-taking and their role relationships based on the psychological process of pilot risk-taking; On this basis, the categories and characteristics of pilot risk-taking were summarized. Finally, based on the limitations of the existing studies, future research prospects were proposed from two aspects: internal mechanisms and effective measurements, providing reference for subsequent theoretical exploration and practical research applications.