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2026 Vol. 32, No. 1
Published: 2026-02-28
 
3 Human Factors Engineering in Medical Devices in the Age of Intelligence: Evolution and Future Trends
Yu Yu,Ke Xu,Mowei Shen
Medical device human factors engineering focuses on optimizing the interactions among humans, devices, and their environments and is essential for ensuring the safety, effectiveness, and usability of medical devices. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, telemedicine, and intelligent systems, the contexts of device use and forms of human–machine interaction have become increasingly complex, making human factors issues ever more critical to medical safety. This paper systematically reviews the development of medical device human factors engineering since the 1980s and delineates four major stages: early exploration, establishment as an independent field, system integration, and intelligent applications, summarizing the research focus and evolutionary characteristics of each stage. Building on this review, we examine key human factors challenges in intelligent medical devices, including trust and explainability in AI-assisted medicine, individualized design, interaction in telemedicine, and cognitive and safety challenges introduced by emerging technologies such as virtual and augmented reality. We further summarize major controversies and limitations in current research from theoretical, methodological, and translational perspectives, and discuss future directions in research focus, methodological innovation, and application models. This review aims to provide a systematic reference for the human factors design and evaluation of medical devices in the intelligent era, facilitating the translation of research findings into safe, user-centered clinical practice.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 3-17 [Abstract] ( 135 ) PDF (644 KB)  ( 189 )
18 Algorithmic Management Reduces Employees’ Interest in Affiliating with Leaders by Decreasing Their Perception of Power Dependence on Those Leaders
CAO Wei，BAI Shuyuan
Significant technological changes often have a profound impact on human social relations. In recent years, with the development of new-generation information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, algorithmic management has gradually permeated the workplace. Using power dependence theory, this study explores how and when algorithmic management practices in non-gig economy enterprises reduce employees’ interest in affiliating with leaders. Two scenario-based experiments found that algorithmic management decreases employees’ interest in affiliating with leaders by reducing their perception of power dependence on those leaders. Additionally, employee traditionality amplifies the negative effect of algorithmic management on perceived power dependence, further diminishing their interest in affiliating with leaders.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 18-25 [Abstract] ( 264 ) PDF (544 KB)  ( 123 )
26 Too Much is as Bad as Too Little: Identification of Maladaptive Emotion Regulation Subtypes
WANG Caifeng，TIAN Yangyang，SUN Luwen，CUI Qian，WANG Jing，JIANG Zhongqing
Under-regulation and over-regulation of emotion as two subtypes of maladaptive emotion regulation, they are two extremes of emotion regulation. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of the two subtypes, this paper compares the external performance between under-regulation and over-regulation, and makes a detailed discrimination between under-regulation and over-regulated individuals from the perspective of psychological and neural mechanisms. Finally, future research is envisioned from the perspectives of cognitive neural mechanisms and intervention modeling.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 26-38 [Abstract] ( 325 ) PDF (973 KB)  ( 601 )
39 The Bidirectional Associations between Parental Educational Anxiety and Learning Weariness among Chinese Adolescents
GAO Xinhang，LIANG Xiao，LI Xiang，QU Lei，LIN Xingru，HAN Lei
In order to investigate the longitudinal relationship of prediction between parental educational anxiety and adolescent learning weariness, 210 adolescents and their parents were followed up using the Parental Educational Anxiety Questionnaire and the Junior High School Students Learning Weariness Scale in the 1-year, 2-wave cross-lagged design. The results showed that: 1) educational anxiety displayed some stability over the year, while there was a significant increasing trend in the level of learning weariness; 2) educational anxiety significantly and positively predicted earning weariness after 1 year, but learning weariness did not significantly predict educational anxiety. This study revealed the parental effect of parental educational anxiety on adolescent learning weariness, which has theoretical and practical implications for im-proving and preventing adolescent learning weariness.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 39-46 [Abstract] ( 439 ) PDF (622 KB)  ( 571 )
47 The Effect of Cumulative Ecological Risk on Adolescent Smartphone Addiction: The Roles of Psychological Capital and Self-control
TIAN Yu，QIN Xuelian，DING Hongjun
To explore the impact of cumulative ecological risk on adolescent smartphone addiction, and to examine the mediating roles of psychological capital and self-control. Cluster sampling method was used to follow up 1,329 adolescents ( M = 13.59; SD = 0.49 ) for one year. The results showed that: (1) the primary term of cumulative ecological risk significantly and positively predicted smartphone addiction, and the quadratic term of cumulative ecological risk significantly and positively predicted smartphone addiction (in a "positive acceleration pattern"); (2) the primary term of cumulative ecological risk significantly and positively predicted smartphone addiction through the parallel and chain mediating roles of psychological capital and self-control, while the quadratic term of cumulative ecological risk significantly and negatively predicted smartphone addiction through the parallel and chain mediating roles of psychological capital and self-control (in a "negative acceleration pattern"). The results of this study provided important implications for the intervention of smartphone addiction among adolescents.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 47-55 [Abstract] ( 402 ) PDF (705 KB)  ( 197 )
56 Reliability and Validity of Internet Trolling Scale Chinese Version
TIAN Jiaxu，HAN Chen，LUO Yu
Objective: To revise the Chinese version of Internet trolling scale and to test its reliability, validity and measurement invariance. Methods: First, 1200 college students were asked to complete The Global Assessment of Internet Trolling–Revised (GAIT-R). Second, The Short Sadistic Impulse Scale (SSIS), Cyberbullying Scale, and Online Aggressive Behavior Scale(QABS) were used as criterion measures. Final, 315 college students of pretest sample were retested after 4 weeks. Results: The revised scale had a good single-factor model (χ^2⁄df=1.988，RMSEA=0.046, TLI=0.985, CFI=0.990, SRMR=0.022) and strict measurement invariance across genders, ages, grades, and majors. Conclusion: The Chinese version scale has good reliability, validity and measurement invariance, which can measure Chinese college students’ Internet trolling.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 56-64 [Abstract] ( 733 ) PDF (667 KB)  ( 662 )
65 Revision of the Chinese Version of the Mindful Eating Scale (Ch-Mind-Eat Scale) and Preliminary Establishment of the Norm
GUO Haoyu，WEI Chunli，WANG Jingyang，PANG Yazhi，CHEN Hong
To address the gap in quantitative research on mindful eating in China, the current study revised the latest Mindful Eating Scale (Mind-Eat Scale) and established the preliminary norm for Chinese college students. Adhering to the predetermined revision protocol, a total of 1,742 college students were measured using the Mind-Eat Scale, Three Factor Eating Questionaire-18 (TFEQ-18), Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), Chinese version of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Ch-FFMQ), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Item analysis and reliability and validity analysis were conducted to test the scale's applicability in the Chinese population. The revised Chinese version of the Mind-Eat Scale (Ch-Mind-Eat Scale) comprises six dimensions: non-reactivity, non-judgment, gratitude, awareness, hunger/satiety, and openness, demonstrating good reliability and validity. This scale is suitable for measuring mindful eating within the Chinese context, which can help provide a quantitative basis for future empirical research in this domain.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 65-74 [Abstract] ( 762 ) PDF (1046 KB)  ( 657 )
75 Intensive Longitudinal Moderation Analysis Based on Dynamic Structural Equation Models
FANG Jie，WEN Zhonglin，WEI Dan，WANG Huihui，GU Honglei，LI Yao
Using dynamic structural equation models (DSEM) to conduct moderation analysis of intensive longitudinal data can deeply investigate how the dynamic relationships (i.e., autoregressive effects and lagged effects) between variables change with the variation of the moderator over a short period of time. This paper discusses in detail how to construct four intensive longitudinal moderation models (i.e., 2×(1→1), 1×(2→1), 2×(2→1), and 1×(1→1) model) based on DSEM. Two examples (with Mplus programs as Appendixes) are employed for the purpose of demonstration, one is cross-level moderation (e.g., 2×(1→1) model), and the other is within-individual level moderation (e.g., 1×(1→1) model). Finally, the direction of extension for moderation analysis of intensive longitudinal data is discussed.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 75-86 [Abstract] ( 265 ) PDF (1244 KB)  ( 232 )
87 Theta-band Interbrain Synchrony Facilitates Simulated Lexical Access in Joint Speech Production
WANG Cheng，BI Panpan，YANG Yue，WANG Jun
This study aims to explore how interbrain synchrony support simulating partners' lexical access during spoken conversation. The research utilized a joint speech production task, in which two participants took turns naming pictures （joint naming） or engaged in single naming. Interbrain synchrony was calculated using EEG-based hyperscanning technology. The results showed that when participants did not name items themselves, their ERPs exhibited a word frequency effect regardless of whether their partner was naming. More importantly, interbrain synchrony in the theta and alpha bands during the joint naming condition were higher than in the single naming condition, and furthermore, theta band interbrain synchrony was related with the word frequency effect. These findings suggest that theta band interbrain synchrony facilitates the simulation of partners’ lexical access during joint speech production.
2026 Vol. 32 (1): 87-96 [Abstract] ( 257 ) PDF (1184 KB)  ( 67 )
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