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2017 Vol. 23, No. 1
Published: 2017-03-20
 
3 Rethinking on Attention: A Reinforcement-learning Model of Attention
CHENG Shaozhe, SHI Bohao, ZHAO Yang, XU Haokui, TANG Ning, GAO Tao, ZHOU Jifan *, SHEN Mowei?
Though summarizing and analyzing the current attention theories, the present article proposes a new hypothesis that attention is a phenomenon of information selection, rather than a mental architecture or cognitive resource. Inspired by the reinforcementlearning algorithm in artificial intelligence field, we suggest a reinforcement-learning model of human behavior that is able to show the phenomenal attention. This model describes the interaction between agent and environment: the agent takes action to interact with the environment and get feedbacks, by which the mental state updates to produce a new policy for taking the next-step action, in order to maximize the cumulative reward. In this learning procedure, attention emerges as a phenomenon that high-value information gradually get processing priority. This framework of modeling provides a new approach to rethink the nature of attention.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 3-12 [Abstract] ( 1023 ) PDF (1076 KB)  ( 2877 )
13 The Attentional and Interpretational Bias of the Disabled with Rejection Sensitivity towards Different Social Cues
MOU Zhong-chen, LIU Shen, ZHANG Yuan, XU Qiang, ZHANG Lin
The odd-one-out and text paradigm was used to explore the attentional and interpretational bias of the adult disabled high and low in RS. The result indicated that：(1) Both the high and low RS disabled detected anger faces faster than normal people. Namely, individuals with disabilities had more attentional sensitivities for rejection social cues. (2) The disabled high in RS had more negative interpretation bias to the ambiguous social cues while the disabled low in RS and the normal had more positive interpretation bias to the ambiguous social cues. The study further suggested that a higher degree of rejection sensitivity and the fact that is easier to make soci al avoidance behavior in HRS disabled individuals would play a key role in the negative interpretation bias.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 13-22 [Abstract] ( 574 ) PDF (818 KB)  ( 862 )
23 The Mechanism of Mindreading during General-knowledge Question Task
DAI Jing-hua, LIANG Jiao, JIA Ning
Mindreading refers to the ability to infer another person’s mental state , explain and predict the behavior of others. In the present study, three experiments were designed to explore the mechanism of mindreading, and testify the dual-processing model. Experiment 1 explored the influence of the self and others’ information on mindreading. By using the different feedback information, Experiment 2 changed the participant’s self-monitoring to explored the impact of self-monitoring on mindreading. Experiment 3 changed the other people’s information to explore the impact of others performance information on mindreading. Results of the three experiments show: Firstly, mindreading in cognitive tasks comprehensively applies the self and others’ information. Secondly, the feedback information changes the participant’s self-monitoring. If the feedback leads to the underestimate of the participant’s self-monitoring, then his mindreading will be underestimated, and vice versa. Thirdly, the other people’s performance information also affects mindreading.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 23-30 [Abstract] ( 496 ) PDF (789 KB)  ( 656 )
31 Internet-based and Reality-based: The Difference of Interpersonal Relationship Quality
Lyu Jian-Chen, ZHANG Qi
The present study focused on the difference of interpersonal relationship quality. Experiment 1 examined the degree of self-disclosure in the network and reality after creating anonymous situation. Experiment 2 investigated the difference in the evaluation of the quality of game partners’ personality in the network and reality through Ten-Item Personality Inventory in China (TIPI-C). Experiment 3 adopted Implicit Association Test paradigm to measure the attitudes of online activities maintaining interpersonal relationship between different degrees of friendship. The results showed that: (1)When in anonymity, participants preferred to disclose themselves in realistic situation. (2)Compared to online activities, participants’ evaluation of their game partners’ personality were more positive in reality, and they had more willingness to make friends.(3) Participants showed negative attitudes of maintaining interpersonal relationship through online activities. Notably, the negative attitudes were not influenced by intimate degree. These findings suggest that the quality of realistic interpersonal relationship is superior to the network.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 31-39 [Abstract] ( 765 ) PDF (744 KB)  ( 1610 )
49 The Mechanism of Mobile Phone Addiction Influencing Academic Burnout with Mediating Effect of Procrastination
This study investigated the effect of mobile phone addiction on academic burnout, and the role of procrastination as mediator and economic status as moderator of the relationship in college students. 600 Chinese college students completed anonymous questionnaires measuring mobile phone addiction, academic burnout, and procrastination. The economic status was self-report by each participant. The results showed that: (1) Procrastination significantly mediated the effect of mobile phone addiction on academic burnout; (2) Economic situation significantly moderated this indirect link with the closer association between mobile phone addiction and academic burnout for college students with lower economic status relative to those with higher economic status.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 49-57 [Abstract] ( 1072 ) PDF (829 KB)  ( 5447 )
58 The Gender differences During Face Recognition in Different Facial Gender and Races
CHEN Rui, TIAN Yu, MA Xie, WANG Xiao-xi, HE Shun-chao, LI Peng
The delayed match-to-sample task was adopted to explore the gender differences during face recognition in different facial gender and races in the present study. The results showed that: (1) The accuracy rate for female face recognition was higher than male face in all participants. (2) All participants performed the advantage for female face recognition in different races. To be specific, the advantage for Chinese (own-race) female face recognition was appeared on faster response time. For Caucasus (other-race) female face recognition, however, it was performed on higher accuracy rate. (3) The race factor played a important role on the advantage of facial cognition in female participants. In conclusion, the face recognition is influenced by the interaction of facial information and gender of participants.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 58-67 [Abstract] ( 623 ) PDF (752 KB)  ( 1550 )
68 Discrimination Illusion: A Review of the Studies Concerning Biased Facial Expression Processing in Substance Abusers
ZENG Ning-ning, ZHANG Meng, LI Xin-yu
The concept of “discrimination illusion” has been proposed in the present paper after the authors systematically reviewed studies concerning the processing of facial emotional expressions in alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA, opiates, and poly-substance dependents. Here, “discrimination illusion” refers to the phenomenon that substance abusers’ biased processing of negative expressions and its resulting consequences in social adaptation, which is suggested to be caused by social cognition deficits in substance abusers. This new point of view could provide a novel research perspective for understanding the activation of drug abuse behaviors. Moreover, the authors warrant the future researches that emphasize on the specific emotions, temporal phases, cognitive and neurological mechanisms, as well as trainings of facial expression processing in order to uncover the underlying mechanism and potential implication of substance abusers’ negative facial expression bias.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 68-79 [Abstract] ( 571 ) PDF (781 KB)  ( 706 )
80 The Foreign Language Effect in Decision Making and Moral Judgment: Retrospect and Prospect
GUAN Xu, ZHANG Feng, ZHOU Nan, YIN Jun
In recent, plenty of studies revealed that decision making is affected by the language presented in a given problem (native vs. foreign), which is named as foreign language effect. To explain the cognitive mechanisms of such effect, researchers appealed to the dual-process model and proposed a reduced intuition (i.e., affect) account and an increased deliberation (i.e., cognition) account. The present paper reviewed evidences of supporting the existence of foreign language effect, and studies of testing the reduced intuition account or the increased deliberation account, or both. It was found that the current research were still unable to figure out which account is right. For such issue, we claim that one of possible reasons is that the designs of current studies cannot independently quantify the contribution of affect and cognition processes within individuals. Future studies could use a process dissociation procedure which is able to measure the strength of two different processes, and an experimental manipulation to interfere with cognition representation or negative affect, to address the roles of cognition and emotion in the foreign language effect.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 80-91 [Abstract] ( 633 ) PDF (1081 KB)  ( 1392 )
92 A Decision from Equate-to-Differentiate, A Judging from Weeding Out Superfluities— A Commentary on An Equate-to-Differentiate Way of Decision-Making
Xu Fuming, Li Ou
Behavioral decision making is one of the 21 most important psychological researches in action, which was claimed by American Psychological Association. An Equate-to-Differentiate Way of Decision-Making, a latest book written by Professor Li Shu, has focused on the way to describe how real person to make decision-making. Base on this, this book has established a complex decision-making theory just like an interlacing net with warp and weft. In the direction of warp, the equate-to-differentiate way is worked as the core, which is used to describe the mechanism of risky decision and intertemporal choice, as well as other sides of behavioral decision making. Meanwhile, the weft is the time sequence of theory development, which is also the main line of every content. This book has gained a great amount of recognition and appreciation from other research colleagues as soon as it was published.
2017 Vol. 23 (1): 92-96 [Abstract] ( 772 ) PDF (760 KB)  ( 1729 )
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