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2018 Vol. 24, No. 2
Published: 2018-04-16
 
99 Reward Learning Drives Modulation on Visual Attention
GONG Meng-yuan, Jia Ke, Li Sheng
Learned reward predictiveness alters stimulus salience and modifies visual selective attention towards the reward-associated item. The investigation of the neural mechanism underlying reward-driven modulation on attentional processing promotes the understanding of human adaptive behaviors. Recent studies showed enhanced neural representation of the reward-associated stimulus in terms of its location and feature. Moreover, reward can strengthen suppression over its associated distractor by decreasing attentional allocation and weakening the sensory representation in early visual cortex. These findings suggest a key role of reward signals in modulating cognitive control for behavioral optimization.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 99-112 [Abstract] ( 770 ) PDF (2366 KB)  ( 1238 )
113 The neural signs of opportunity equality during outcome evaluation
SUN Qian, Long Chang-quan, Chen An-tao
Previous studies on social equality have exclusively focus on the effect of outcome equality during outcome evaluation. However, the effect of opportunity equality during outcome evaluation remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the temporal dynamics of opportunity equality during outcome evaluations, by using ERPs technique. The results showed disadvantageous opportunity unequal condition evoked a larger feedback negativity (FRN) amplitude than the other two conditions, reflecting disadvantageous opportunity unequal was a major concern of people. The results showed disadvantageous opportunity unequal and advantageous opportunity unequal conditions elicited greater P300 amplitudes than opportunity equal condition when participants witnessed a win outcome, while the difference among three conditions was not found when participants witnessed a loss outcome. These findings indicated opportunity-equality degree could modulate outcome evaluation, shown by FRN and P300 amplitudes.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 113-122 [Abstract] ( 530 ) PDF (2696 KB)  ( 725 )
123 Childhood Narcissism: Formation, Development and Future Research
GAO Shuang, ZHANG Xiangkui
As a special form of positive self-views. Nowadays, narcissism is a prevalent personality trait. In the process of exploring the structure and model of narcissism, most studies neglected the formation and development of children narcissism. At present, most of the studies on formation of childhood narcissism focuses on two aspects: physiological factors and social experience. Physiological factors mainly include causes of temperamental traits, endocrine system and neural system, while social experience principally relates to parental overvaluation and the dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Taking self-evaluation within different cognition development levels into account, this paper presents the development of narcissism from early childhood to adolescence. Further researches are expected to uncover the mechanisms of narcissism and research methods and interventions on it.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 123-131 [Abstract] ( 847 ) PDF (775 KB)  ( 1931 )
132 Research on the structural model of the core competence of the Public Security Bureau
NI Xiao-feng
Chief of police in the performance of their duties, to lead the police at the basic level of the maintenance of social order and stability, has play a decisive role in the fight against illegal and criminal activities. Study on the chief of police's core competence is an important research aspect of leadership of the public security organ in recent years. Through the methods of interview, questionnaire survey and statistical analysis, to do the research on the chief of police core competence structure model, the 5 elements of the core competence structure model, respectively (1) is the ability to create a harmonious working environment; (2) the ability of scientific strategic foresight and innovation; (3) the ability to learn and accept new things; (4) to hold and promote the progress of the work and the ability of solving problems; (5) the ability to grasp the information the decisive decision-making. Finally, the reliability and validity of the model were tested.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 132-140 [Abstract] ( 490 ) PDF (1438 KB)  ( 663 )
141 The Effect of Stability of Power on Humanization
LI Wen-jie, ZHOU Yan-yan, JIANG Sai, SUN Zhong-qiang,ZHANG Feng
In the current study, two experiments were adopted to investigate the influence from stability of power on self- and others-humanization (including both human nature and human uniqueness towards self, specialized-others, and generalized-others). The results were as follows: (1) when individuals hold stable power, compared with low-power ones, high-power ones show more animalistic and objectification forms of dehumanization towards to specialized- and generalized-others, while those with unstable power did not exhibit any above difference; (2) under the stable-power condition, individuals with low power was revealed to be a larger degree of animalistic dehumanization towards self than both specialized- and generalized-others, while such effect was diminished under the unstable-power condition. Taken together, the variability of power could help eliminate individual’s dehumanization.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 141-152 [Abstract] ( 561 ) PDF (1993 KB)  ( 1037 )
153 The Influence of Mortality Salience and Poweron Helping Behavior from The Perspective of Terror Management Theory
DUAN Jin-yun, WANG Guo-xuan, TIAN Xiao-ming
Three experiments were designed to test our hypotheses.In study1,we demonstrated whether people were more likely to help others when reminded of mortality.In study2,we required participants to recall a working situation in their life to arouse their perceived power,intending to find whether there is a negative relationship between power and helping behavior.In study3,we used Chinese idioms to finish power manipulation,exploring whether there was an interaction between power and mortality salience. Results showed that, there was a positive relationship between mortality salience and helping behavior. But power had no significant relationship with helping behavior. There was an interaction between power and mortality salience toward helping behavior.When having high perceived power,people who reminded of mortality showed an unsignificant difference on helping compared with the controlled group.But when having low perceived power, group of mortality salience were likely to provide more time to help others in need.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 153-163 [Abstract] ( 637 ) PDF (975 KB)  ( 1456 )
164 Perception of users’ emotions responding to usability problems of information system
LI Xiao-jun1,2, XIAO Zhong-dong1, ZHU Chun-yang3, LI Jia4
Previous studies have shown that usability of information systems may affect users’ emotions during human-computer interaction. However, studies of relationships between usability problems of information system and user emotions in terms of types and severity ratings were rather limited. To investigate the effects of types and severity ratings of usability problems on users’ emotions, our study developed adjective checklist of user negative emotions from categorical approach and launched a two-factor mixed experiment. Results showed that user negative emotions elicited by usability problems included various categories and mainly involved in three factors of irritable, angry, depressed and displeased. Usability problems with higher severity ratings would induce more categories and higher intensity of emotions. Types of usability problems would affect categories and intensity of user negative emotions, and these effects were different among different emotion categories. The interactive effects of types and severity ratings of usability problems on intensity of emotions were significant for specific categories of negative emotions. The results may support decisions on priority analysis of usability problems and user emotions management in human-computer interaction.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 164-174 [Abstract] ( 512 ) PDF (3186 KB)  ( 920 )
175 The Effect of Preview on Punctuation Skipping during Reading
WANG Jue, CONG Feng-jiao, ZHU Feng-juan, GUAN Yi-yun, Lei Cui
In an eye movement experiment employing the boundary paradigm we investigated the preview processing of punctuation during Chinese reading. The preview of the punctuation was manipulated, with three preview conditions: identical, dissimilar and non-punctuation preview. The main effect of preview type was significant, which showed that there were no differences between identical and dissimilar preview conditions on both skipping rate and fixation durations; however, the skipping rate of identical and dissimilar preview conditions was higher than non-punctuation condition, and the fixation durations of them were shorter than non-punctuation condition. The results indicate that punctuation skipping is automatic, that is, when the preview information is highly visually familiar and easy to process, it may trigger an automatic skipping programme.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 175-182 [Abstract] ( 474 ) PDF (868 KB)  ( 811 )
183 Sourcing in the Multiple-Document Reading Comprehension：Empirical Progress and Theoretical Explanation
Sourcing in the multiple-document reading comprehension is a prerequisite for understanding and integrating content information. Discrepancy between multiple-texts, or discrepancy between the coming content information and prior beliefs contribute to sourcing during multiple-texts reading comprehension. Related studies and discussions have revealed that individuals establish the (combined) mental model followed by the intertext model during multiple-document reading comprehension. In truth, D-ISC effect and P-ISF effect are the same cognitive strategy. When individuals failed to establish the (combined) mental model, they are forced to establish the intertext model, which provides the basis or clue for the (combined) mental model. Finally, the future research prospects are also discussed and suggested.
2018 Vol. 24 (2): 183-192 [Abstract] ( 519 ) PDF (682 KB)  ( 1052 )
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