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2018 Vol. 24, No. 3
Published: 2018-09-10
 
195 Striding over the “classical statistical inference trap” —— Application of Bayes factor in psychological studies
Over the past decade psychologists became to realize potential problems with the statistics using conventional null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). The NHST has been misused in many questionable research practices. To overcome this issue, recently researchers propose to adopt Bayesian statistics, such as Bayes factor methods, instead of the NHST approach. A Bayes factor is a ratio of the likelihood probability of two competing models (or hypotheses), usually a null and an alternative. Here we highlight a number of advantages using Bayes factor over conventional NHST, and illustrate how to calculate Bayes factor using the state-of-the-art R packages of Bayesfactor and the software JASP. Finally, we listed some potential problems in the application of Bayes factor that we should be aware of.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 195-202 [Abstract] ( 1606 ) PDF (838 KB)  ( 4274 )
203 The Factor Structure of Sadistic Personality and Its Relation with Impulsive Personality
YANG Zhang-xiang, YIN Jun, CHENG Ya-hua, LIU Lei, ZHANG Feng
People high in either Sadistic Personality or Impulsive Personality tend to show more aggression behaviors, but it is not clear about the mental structure of Sadistic Personality and whether this personality is heterogeneous with the Impulsive Personality. To address these questions, the present study tested a sample of 485 China students with the "Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies (VAST)" and "Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11)”, and the collected data were submitted to the confirmatory factor analysis and the correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) consistent with the hypothesis of two-dimensional structure for Sadistic Personality, the revised VAST contains two dimensions of Direct Sadism and Vicarious Sadism; (2) The measured score by VAST scale had a very weak correlation with the rating on the dimension of Motor Impulsiveness of BIS-11, suggesting that the personality of sadism is distinct from the Impulsive Personality.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 203-212 [Abstract] ( 875 ) PDF (847 KB)  ( 2414 )
213 Empathy Can Reduce Chinese Disparate Trust
FEI Ding-zhou, LIU Yi
Disparate trust, which means exclusive trust in intimates and mistrust in strangers, is a serious issue in Chinese society. Given that empathy can make people closer to each other, three experiments involving Trust Game were conducted to examine the relationship between empathy and disparate trust. In experiment 1, the participants who showed greater empathy with the virtual character were less likely to be influenced by the relationship between them. In experiment 2 and 3, participants' empathy levels were manipulated by the article memory and picture memory tasks. Both experiments found that the empathy group presented less disparate trust than the control group. The results demonstrated that the induction of empathy helped to strengthen the individual' trust in strangers as well as reduce his disparate trust.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 213-220 [Abstract] ( 561 ) PDF (1463 KB)  ( 1790 )
221 Moral Consistency Or Moral Balance? A Test Based on Entrepreneurs’ Donations
This study intends to resolve the debate between moral consistency and moral balance. Study 1 found that participants who displayed high absolute level of donation continued the high absolute level of donation in the next time point.An increase in donation was likely followed by a decrease in donation. Based on archive data on Forbes China Charity List, Study 2 found that the entrepreneurs who contributed high donations in year t were likely to provided high donations in year t+1. But an increase in donations in year t compared with the yeart-1 was likely to induce a decrease in donation in yeart+1. Study 2 also indicated that moral balance was regulated by the social comparison information in the charity lists.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 221-233 [Abstract] ( 471 ) PDF (1127 KB)  ( 729 )
234 The Research of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
WEI Qing, HU Xiao-yi
Cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) originates from cognitive therapy and behavioral learning theory, focusing on the relationship among cognition, behavior and emotion. CBI was utilized for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) at the end of the 20th century and becomes one primary intervention strategy now. This study provides an updated research study of CBI for children with ASD in foreign countries and summarizes the overall features: CBI studies targets more at children with high-functioning ASD, adopts strategies from applied behavior analysis (ABA), and focuses primarily on emotion regulation. Finally, this study puts forward some implications for intervention of children with ASD in China.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 234-242 [Abstract] ( 661 ) PDF (697 KB)  ( 1358 )
243 Children’s understanding of information transmission in communication
LI Peng-chao, JIN Xin-yi, SUN Zhong-qiang, HE Jie
This study explored young children’s ability to understand the information transmission via communication between multiple agents. Ninety six children aged 2 to 3 years participated in the study. Results suggested that children preferentially recognized that the recipient chose the same object as the communicator versus the non-communicator (Experiment 1). However, this tendency disappeared when the signals of joint attention (face contact and contingent responsivity) between communicators were disrupted (Experiment 2), when the predicted individual was changed from the recipient to a neutral one (Experiment 3), or when the communicator left the scene after communication (Experiment 4). It means that children didn’t predict the recipient’s behavior based on the communicator’s preference in such conditions. We conclude that joint attention plays an important role in children’s understanding of information transmission in communication. These results may contribute to the understanding of social interaction and intentional recognition.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 243-251 [Abstract] ( 538 ) PDF (1166 KB)  ( 832 )
252 Effect of Perfectionism on College Students’ Academic Procrastination: The Moderated Mediation Model
MIAO Ling-tong, YANG Meng-yuan, ZHAO Kai-li, LEI Xue, LIU Shen, ZHANG Lin
Based on questionnaire method, the present study was conducted among 578 Chinese college students to investigate the influence of perfectionism on academic procrastination and to explore the mediating effect of time management disposition as well as the moderating effect of self-esteem. The results showed that: (1) positive perfectionism significantly and negatively predicted academic procrastination, there is a significant positive correlation between negative perfectionism and academic procrastination; (2) Time management disposition played a partially mediating role between positive perfectionism and college students’ academic procrastination; (3) The mediation of time management disposition was moderated by self-esteem. This link of time management disposition and academic procrastination was stronger for college students with high self-esteem than for those with low self-esteem.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 252-260 [Abstract] ( 834 ) PDF (1281 KB)  ( 2732 )
261 The Influence Mechanism of Subordinates’ Voice: Examining a Multilevel Moderated Mediating Model
WANG Yan-fei,YUAN Chu-qin, ZHU Yu
Used a supervisor-subordinate-dyad sample of 303 employees and 57 team leaders from enterprises in Southern China, we explored the mediating mechanism and boundary condition of the cross-level influence of coaching leadership on employee voice behavior. The results showed that: (1) Coaching leadership was positively related to subordinates’ voice behavior. (2) Subordinates’ psychological capital mediated the relationship between coaching leadership and voice behavior. (3) Supervisor-subordinate dyadic tenure moderated the relationship between coaching leadership and subordinates’ psychological capital. (4) The interaction between coaching leadership and supervisor-subordinate dyadic tenure influenced employee voice behavior through follower subordinates’ psychological capital.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 261-270 [Abstract] ( 593 ) PDF (1117 KB)  ( 1104 )
271 The Impact Effect of the Task Switch on the SNARC Effect
WANG Qiang-qiang, SHI Wen-dian, YE Jing
The task switch paradigm was used to investigate the impact effect of task switch on the SNARC effect in this study. In the experiment, the participants were asked to determine whether the numerical magnitude presenting in the middle of screen was smaller than five or larger than five, or determine whether the number presenting in the middle of screen was odd or even and response with left or right key of keyboard fast and accurately. The results showed that the classic SNARC effect was observed in the task repetition group in processing of the digital cognition, but the SNARC effect was not occurred in the task switch group in the processing of the digital cognition. It can be inferred from this experiment that task switch has an inhibitory effect on the SNARC effect.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 271-279 [Abstract] ( 505 ) PDF (1462 KB)  ( 1113 )
280 The New Direction of Reading Comprehension - The Analysis of Basic Features of Multiple-Text Reading Comprehension
LIN Wen-Yi
By the comparison between single-text reading comprehension and multiple-text reading comprehension, this paper summarizes the essential characteristics of multiple-text reading comprehension, namely a form of scattered and conflicted presentation, a main goal of argument during the reading process, and finally a psychological representation of text model. This paper finds that multiple-text reading comprehension, as a new research domain, has independent meaning and great value. Meanwhile, the corresponding research directions are also discussed.
2018 Vol. 24 (3): 280-288 [Abstract] ( 509 ) PDF (686 KB)  ( 1144 )
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