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2019 Vol. 25, No. 3
Published: 2019-08-31
 
195 Trends in Psychological Research: A Quantitative investigation of Psychological Science between 1990 and 2018
Jia Hai-bo, Liang Jun-ying, Yang Chi-guang, Shen Mo-wei
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 195-205 [Abstract] ( 900 ) PDF (4503 KB)  ( 2204 )
205 The Recognition and Models of Nature Scene
Zhang Xu-kun, Sun Yu-sheng, Zhang Zhi-jun
Human being can process the nature scene rapidly and accurately, including categorization and object detecting, and this process, to some degrees, seems to be irrelevant with attention resource. Numerous cognitive neuroscience studies have demonstrated that the parahippocampal place area (PPA), occipitalplacearea (OPA) and the retrosplenial complex (RSC) play an important role in object recognition, scene categorization and social cognition. In addition to a systematical summarization of the achievements mentioned above, we also introduced a few models of natural scene recognition. Firstly, the cognitive models illustrated the role of feedforward processing and feedback processing, as well as their interaction, during scene recognition. Secondly, the computational models summarized the algorithm development of scene recognition and we also proposed some prospects to enrich the computational models so that these models could truly understand nature scene.
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 205-217 [Abstract] ( 388 ) PDF (1425 KB)  ( 965 )
218 Subliminal speech priming and its cognitive neural mechanism
LI Bing-bing, WAN Hong-yuan, GUO Chun-yan
Most previous studies on subliminal priming have focused on priming effects in visual channel, and few studies have examined subliminal priming in auditory channel. Subliminal priming effect in auditory channel has been demonstrated and it is different from the effect in visual channel. Studies on the moderators and neural mechanisms of subliminal speech priming will improve the understanding of unconscious speech processing. Future studies should focus on other moderators and the cognitive neural mechanism of subliminal speech priming.
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 218-229 [Abstract] ( 251 ) PDF (494 KB)  ( 958 )
230 The Electrophysiological Characteristics and Psychological Implicationsofthe N450 Component in Cognitive Control
HUANG Bing-fang, CHEN Cai-qi
The N450 refers to a more negative event-related potentials (ERPs) component in the incongruent condition than that in the congruent or neutral conditions in Stroop task duringthe 350-500 ms time window, which may reflects a keybiomarker of interference effect in cognitive control. It is of great methodological significance for insight into the nature of cognitive interference in conflict processing and for corresponding clinical studies. The present articlereviewed a variety of studies on the psychological implicationsof the N450 by different experimental tasks and variants involving perceptual conflict or response conflict, conflict monitoring or conflict resolution. The clinical application and individual difference concerning the N450 were additionally investigated. Future research was suggestedto elucidate the controversies on mental mechanism of the N450 by combining more valid experimental paradigms and technological approaches and to extend the corresponding applied research.
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 230-238 [Abstract] ( 608 ) PDF (955 KB)  ( 772 )
239 The Mechanisms of Action Prediction Based on Social Group Information
XU Hao, DUAN Ji-peng, CHEN Man, YIN Jun
This study simulated group interaction situations with animated depictions, and used perceptual cues (spatial proximity and synchronous movements) to manipulate social group information, in order to explore whether and how people can establish expectation for the behavior according to social group information. The results showed that: (1) Comparing to the inconsistent condition (i.e., the directivity of action or action means of the predicted agent was different from other agents’), participants responsed faster in the consistent condition, in which the directivity of action (Experiment 1a) or action means (Experiment 2a) of the predicted agent was consistent with other agents’, when all agents belonged to the same social group . (2) When the social group information was eliminated (i.e., the members moved solely and spaced at interval in Experiment 1b & Experiment 2b) or the predicted agent belonged to a different group as two members for demonstrating actions, there was no significant difference of response time between consistent and inconsistent conditions. On the basis of these results, we suggest that observers can make action prediction for group members based on the social group information formed by the perceptual cues, and they expect that the members of social groups should act consistently.
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 239-252 [Abstract] ( 352 ) PDF (2844 KB)  ( 940 )
253 Effects of Leadership Behavior on Collective Efficacy: a Study Based on Class Organization in Junior Middle School
SHI Lei-shan，QIANG Dong-mei， GAO Feng-qiang
It is important to clearly identify the antecedents of collective efficacy. Based on Bass’ leadership theory and Bandura’ social cognitive theory, this study proposed a multilevel structural equation model to explore how head-teachers’ transformational leadership behavior and transactional leadership behavior influenced collective class efficacy through class interaction process and performance of outstanding members in the class at the class level. Data was collected from 5083 junior middle school students in 168 classes from 6 cities of 2 provinces in China. They anonymously filled out questionnaires regarding head-teachers’ transformational leadership behavior, head-teachers’ transactional leadership behavior, class interaction process, performance of outstanding members in the class and collective class efficacy. Meanwhile, students’ demographic information including gender, grade, and SES was all obtained. At the class level, class size and head-teachers’ gender also were required to report. All the measures have good reliability and validity. Finally, we conducted a multilevel structural equation (MSEM) analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects in the case of clustered data. The results revealed that: In the class level, head teachers’ transformational leadership behavior and transactional behavior has no immediate impact on collective class efficacy, but each of them can influence collective class efficacy through the mediation effect of class interaction process and performance of outstanding members in the class. This study extended our knowledge that transformational leadership and transactional leadership have the cross-organizational and cross-cultural applicability of the construct in a Chinese classroom setting. Moreover, It is also most meaningful to deeply understand how head-teachers’ transformational leadership behavior and transactional leadership behavior facilitate collective class efficacy at the class level. In practice, education managers should improve head-teachers’ transformational leadership behavior and transactional leadership behavior, while enhance class interaction or develop performance of outstanding members in the class.
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 253-261 [Abstract] ( 275 ) PDF (1210 KB)  ( 1048 )
262 Moral judgment about human and robot agents in personal and impersonal dilemmas
CHU Hua-dong, LI Yuan-yuan, YE Jun-hui, HU Feng-pei, HE Quan, ZHAO Lei
In the current study, two experiments were adopted to investigate the people’s moral judgment about human and robot agents in personal/impersonal dilemmas. The results are as follows: (1) in impersonal dilemma (autonomous vehicle dilemma), people apply same moral norms to human and robot agents. They have the same expectation about what action the agents should do (utilitarian) and the same moral evaluation (of permissibility, rightness, blame) about the agents’ actually action. (2) In personal dilemma (footbridge dilemma), people apply different moral norms to human and robot agents. Although overall people want both human and robot agent choice deontology action, while compared with human, robot agents were more expected to take the utilitarian action, and they were give higher evaluation (higher permissibility, and lower blame) than their human counterparts about their utilitarian action.
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 262-271 [Abstract] ( 392 ) PDF (688 KB)  ( 1169 )
272 A primary study of the theoretical basis and method of positive rumination training
YANG Hongfei
The positive rumination training was developed on the basis of reviewing previous studies. Its theoretical bases rooted in positive psychology and cognitive therapy. The key technique is to train clients to think with the guideline of positive items of the Positive and Negative Rumination Scale. The company techniques are: listening counseling recording, concreteness and abstraction, Subjectification and objectification, problem-solving, and acceptance and tolerance. The positive rumination training includes seven steps: Introducing the rules, understanding the issues, introducing the principles, setting goals, key technique training, company technique training, and end stage. Its effectiveness has been proved in psychological counseling for college students and mental health class for high school students.
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 272-280 [Abstract] ( 854 ) PDF (673 KB)  ( 4175 )
281 Factors Influencing the Turnover Intention of University Counselors
WANG Yao-jun, WU Yun-xiao
University counselors are an important force in undertaking education and management, but they face problems of team instability. This study explored the key factors that influence counselors' intention to leave, and constructed a motivation model for turnover intention. A total of 10 resigned and not resigned counselors were selected for structured interviews. Based on the coding analysis, a turnover intention questionnaire was prepared and a questionnaire survey was conducted for 200 counselors. The results showed that post salary, person-position fit, work-family balance, interpersonal environment and work stress were the main factors affecting the counselors' intention to leave the job, and job satisfaction played the partial mediation role.
2019 Vol. 25 (3): 281-288 [Abstract] ( 312 ) PDF (658 KB)  ( 1039 )
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