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2021 Vol. 27, No. 4
Published: 2021-11-30
 
285 Training effects of AMC on mathematic cognition and brain plasticity
Xuelian Ge, Xiao Han,Feiyan Chen
To date, many studies have found that abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) contributes to the improvement of math ability, and even transfers to general cognitive abilities. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the training effect of AMC on mathematical cognition and brain plasticity. As a special mental arithmetic method, AMC forms the unique visual representation of numbers based on a column-based model. Our review of existing literature suggests that long-term training benifit to improve numerical processing efficiency, calculation ability and visuospatial math ability, has transfer effects on visuospatial ability, attention, working memory and switch ability. It also summarizes that AMC training can change the brain function by improve the neural efficiency of frontoparietal network, can shape brain structure with higher fractional anisotropy in fiber tracts and less volume of gray matter, also can modulate the brain network by reconfiguring toward more localized processing and segregated architecture. Finally, we point out the scientific problems to be solved in this field.
2021 Vol. 27 (4): 285-297 [Abstract] ( 565 ) PDF (1270 KB)  ( 2279 )
298 Generic Language: Features, Acquisition and Influence
WANG Yun-qi, GU Pei-qi
Generic language expresses generalizable qualities about abstract kinds rather than information about specific individuals or plural sets of individuals, which provides an important means for preserving and transmitting human knowledge. It is widely used in languages across the globe and acquired quite early in children’s development. This paper reviews advances in the research of generic language over the past decades, focusing particularly on its features, its acquisition, and its influence on children’s concept formation and development. Generics research provides an important window onto child development, a useful perspective to understanding the relation between language and cognition and behaviours, and valuable implications for early childhood education.
2021 Vol. 27 (4): 298-310 [Abstract] ( 299 ) PDF (1071 KB)  ( 826 )
311 The Influence of Non-verbal Communication on Learner and its Application to Online Class
Non-verbal communication (NVC), such as facial expression, eye contact, hand gesture, and body language, delivers extensive information. Online education tends to overlook the functions and undermine the significance of NVC, as teacher-student interactions are minimal and asynchronous compared to the traditional face-to-face education context. The lack of NVC hampers learning efficiency or intellectual growth. The absence of critical elements of NVC may further exert detrimental effects on learners’ attention, engagement, satisfaction, and learning outcomes. This article comprehensively reviewed current evidence investigating the relationship between NVC and student learning behaviors in the online education setting, synthesized differences in NVC between the contexts of traditional education and online education. Finally, from the perspective of interpersonal interaction, suggestions and solutions are proposed focused on the accuracy and interactivity of NVC in online class.
2021 Vol. 27 (4): 311-324 [Abstract] ( 330 ) PDF (1083 KB)  ( 1024 )
325 A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Physical Activity on Memory Functions During COVID-19
SHI Dong-lin, GENG Feng-ji
This study aimed to investigate whether short/long-term changes in COVID-19 and physical activity exerted an impact on memory functions. To provide insight into this question, 261 college students were invited to participate in the longitudinal study. All students completed online questionnaires and memory tasks. The results showed that with the short-term improvement in epidemic, there was no significant change in physical activity, but significant decrease in item memory and significant increase in source memory were observed. With the long-term improvement in epidemic, significant increase and decline were separately observed in physical activity and item memory. The increase of physical activity did not exert positive effect on memory functions. Therefore, the effect of COVID-19 on memory was direct, not through physical activity.
2021 Vol. 27 (4): 325-338 [Abstract] ( 312 ) PDF (1212 KB)  ( 950 )
339 The Relationship between Behavioral Inhibition and Sharing Behavior in Preschoolers: The Moderating Effect of Emotion Understanding
Behavioral inhibition (BI) has been considered as a precursor of children’s low in prosocial behaviors. However, little is known about the relation between BI and sharing, a typical prosocial behavior that plays a crucial role in children’s social development. Meanwhile, emotion understanding (EU) is also plays an important role in the development of prosocial behaviors. Children equipped with better EU are more likely to display prosocial behaviors. Thus, the current research explored the relation between BI and sharing behavior and the potential moderate effect of EU. In Study 1, 94 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 years completed the indicator game for sharing behavior and the Test of Emotion Comprehension for General EU, and their parents completed the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire for BI. In study 2, we explored the effect of EU for recipients in the situation of sharing on relation between BI and sharing behavior among 86 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 years. Results showed that BI was negatively correlated with preschoolers’ sharing behavior. Neither General EU nor EU for recipients in sharing situations was correlated with sharing behavior. However, both of them moderate the relation between BI and sharing behavior. Specifically, for children with worse General EU or less clearly differentiation of recipient’s emotional states between sharing and non-sharing events, the higher BI they had, the less they shared with others. The current research found the relation between BI and sharing behavior and the moderating role of EU. It suggested that for highly inhibited children, it is necessary to cultivate their EU to promote their sharing behavior.
2021 Vol. 27 (4): 339-349 [Abstract] ( 389 ) PDF (1114 KB)  ( 1146 )
350 The influence of facial trustworthiness on online self-disclosure and its mechanism
Yuan Yao, Meng Cao
Online self-disclosure is a new form of self-disclosure in which individuals convey personal information via the Internet. The online self-disclosure of individuals is premised on the trust in social objects. In the anonymous social platforms, individuals can only make trust judgments through limited information, among which the face trustworthiness of social objects plays an important role. This study summarizes the relationship between online self-disclosure and face trustworthiness for the first time, explores the influence of face trustworthiness on online self-disclosure at different stages of online social interaction, expounds its potential mechanism based on three theories, and makes prospects from research methods and practical value.
2021 Vol. 27 (4): 350-357 [Abstract] ( 424 ) PDF (1040 KB)  ( 1780 )
358 The Chinese Version of the Multidimensional State Mindfulness Questionnaire
As a kind of state-like trait, mindfulness often fluctuates in daily life. Using experience sampling method to measure mindfulness can more easily reflect the core element of "at present" in the concept of mindfulness, which can help reduce recalling bias and obtain the individual's real mental state of mindfulness in daily life. In this study, the Chinese version of the multidimensional state mindfulness questionnaire (MSMQ-C) was developed and tested for reliability and validity. The MSMQ-C was composed of nine items from three dimensions: acting with awareness，present moment attention and nonjudgement, which had good structural validity, criterion-related validity and internal consistency reliability.
2021 Vol. 27 (4): 358-367 [Abstract] ( 641 ) PDF (1159 KB)  ( 1361 )
368 The Enactive Self：a Study from Enactivism and Buddhist
Xu Yi, Li Heng-wei
In contemporary cognitive science of self-study, enactivism absorbed the Madhyamika thoughts of Buddhism, reinterprets the doctrine of the Middle Way of selfless in Buddhism with modern "relation-process dynamics" ontology—the self is neither a fixed, pole-point substance, nor a complete nothingness or illusion, but a functional identity in the sense that life sustains the integrity with its organizational form. This identity is dialectical, because the integrity of the organizational form of living systems is not static, but dynamically realized in the process of self-preservation and self-production of life itself; the autopoietic theory describes the operational closure of single cell which is the simplest one. This paper aims to explore the mechanism of construction of this self which called "selfless self" or "empty identity", that is the self-referential or recursive organization form or so called self-specifying process.
2021 Vol. 27 (4): 368-376 [Abstract] ( 329 ) PDF (1086 KB)  ( 1124 )
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