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2022 Vol. 28, No. 5
Published: 2022-10-31
 
387 User-Centered Design (VIII): A New Framework of Intelligent Sociotechnical Systems and Prospects for Future Human Factors Research
XU Wei
Traditional sociotechnical systems (STS) theory has been widely used, but there are many new characteristics in the STS environment as we enter the intelligence era, resulting in the limitations of traditional STS. Based on the “user-centered design” philosophy, this paper proposes a new framework of intelligent sociotechnical systems (iSTS) and outlines the new characteristics of iSTS as well as its implications for the development of intelligent systems. Future research of iSTS requires interdisciplinary collaboration, including human factors engineering, this paper finally proposes suggestions from two aspects of human factors engineering methodology and approaches.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 387-401 [Abstract] ( 450 ) PDF (622 KB)  ( 2778 )
402 The Attention Dilemma in the Digital Age: A Perspective from Media Multitasking
This paper discussed the influence of media multitasking on various aspects of attention. A systematic review of previous studies revealed that media multitasking influenced sustained attention, inhibitory attention, and attentional control to different degrees. However, the effect of media multitasking on attention switching ability was unclear. This paper summarizes various ways of mitigating the negative effect of media multitasking on attention. Future research can focus on how media multitasking affects cognitive processes other than attention and affects brain function and structure, and age differences in media multitasking.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 402-412 [Abstract] ( 434 ) PDF (453 KB)  ( 1508 )
413 Artificial Intelligence and Child Development: Research Based on Robots and Voice Assistants
MAO Yi-chen, TONG Yu, LI Hui, WANG Fu-xing
Recently, digital devices with internet connection (e.g., smartphone, iPad) are prevalent among children and adolescents. Children are increasingly exposed to artificial intelligence, such as robot, voice assistant and intelligent speaker. This article reviewed studies regarding the artificial intelligence using and children’s development from interaction with two popular artificial intelligence (AI) products, robots and voice assistants. Based on previous empirical studies, it was found that although children cannot fully understand the biological properties, social and moral values of AI products, they still have exploratory interaction, functional interaction and other typical interactive behaviors with them in their daily life. In addition, children will also adopt information retrieval behavior to understand the "wisdom" of AI and respond accordingly to different types of communication barriers. AI can promote children's abilities of thinking, language, social and emotional development. Despite many technical and practical challenges, it can still be applied to education. Future studies should track the longitudinal trend of AI and children's development, and excavate factors conducive to the long-term advantage effect.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 413-423 [Abstract] ( 735 ) PDF (501 KB)  ( 3595 )
424 Dynamic Interaction Between Positive Youth Development and Externalizing Behaviors among Early Adolescents: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study
To investigate the dynamic interaction between positive youth development and externalizing behaviors among early adolescents. A total of 1301 junior middle school students filled in the Positive Youth Development Scale and the Adolescent Externalizing Behaviors Scale across three school years. Our results found that the negative correlations between positive youth development and externalizing behaviors were significant. Cross-lagged analysis revealed that positive youth development at Grade 7 significantly predicted the decrease in externalizing behaviors at Grade 8, and externalizing behaviors at Grade 8 significantly predicted the decrease in positive youth development at Grade 9. There were circular relations between positive youth development and externalizing behaviors.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 424-432 [Abstract] ( 408 ) PDF (584 KB)  ( 1402 )
433 Development Trend of 3-to 5-Year-Old Children's Resistance to Abduction and the Predictive Effect of Theory of Mind on Children's Resistance to Abduction
LI Qing-gong, WU Xiao-shuang, DI Yu-jia, ZHANG Zi-ai, ZHANG Ning
The present study (N = 147) investigated the age development trend of 3-to 5-Year-Old children's resistance to abduction and the predictive effect of the theory of mind on their resistance to stranger's abduction in simulated abduction scenario. The results showed that children aged 4 to 5 years showed significantly better resistance to abduction than those aged 3 years, but there was no difference between 4 and 5 years old. After controlling for age, gender and inhibition, theory of mind could positively predict children's resistance to abduction, and those who performed better in the Knowledge access and Hidden emotion task were more likely to refuse to leave with strangers.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 433-440 [Abstract] ( 355 ) PDF (729 KB)  ( 1065 )
441 Development of Life Attitude Scale for Chinese College Students
YUAN Shu, HUANG Xi - ting, LI Hong - han
The life attitude is important for college students, yet there is no suitable measurement. The current study was designed to develop a self-report instrument, the Life Attitude Scale for Chinese College Students (LASCCS). We generated items of the LASCCS based on an open questionnaire survey (N = 163), and conducted factor analysis, criterion-related validity analysis, and reliability analysis to examine the factor structure, and tested the reliability and validity of the LASCCS (N = 972). The results showed that the LASCCS involves 3 factors: Life belief, Life feeling, and Life will. The 3 factors reflect an important role of life attitude in the outlook on life, and the cultural differences between the East and the West in the life attitude structure. The LASCCS has favorable validity and reliability. In conclusion, the LASCCS is suitable for the measurement of the life attitude of Chinese college students.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 441-448 [Abstract] ( 446 ) PDF (661 KB)  ( 12652 )
449 The Influence of thePublic Crisis on University Students’Intertemporal Choice：The Moderateof Subjective Socioeconomic Status
GENG Xiao-wei, ZHANG Kai, LIU Yue
To examine whether public crises would affect university students’ intertemporal decision, and how socioeconomic status moderated the influence of crises on intertemporal decision making, Experiment 1 investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students’ intertemporal choices by a field quasi-experiment; Experiment 2 further investigated the moderated role of subjective socioeconomic status in the lab. Two experiments found that: (1) after the outbreak ofthe COVID-19, the delay discounting of intertemporal choice increased significantly first and then decreased as theCOVID-19 gradually being controlled, even though the delay discounting was still higher than that before the outbreak of the COVID-19; (2) Subjective socioeconomic status moderated the impact of public crises on university students’ intertemporal choice. Specifically, university students withhigher socioeconomic status were not affected by public crises, while those with lower socioeconomic status preferred SS more during crises.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 449-456 [Abstract] ( 358 ) PDF (652 KB)  ( 997 )
457 Deafness Impact on Word Segmentations in Chinese Reading: Evidence from Eye Movement
LIANG Zi-yan, FU Fu-yin, LIU Zhi-fang, CHAI Lin, CHEN Chao-yang
With eye movement tracking, we explored how the deaf reader segmentated words in Chinese reading. Profoundly deaf participants participated the experiment. Reading matched hearing and age matched hearing were also recruited for the control groups. Participants were aksed to reading text which had 5 types: normal unspaced text, text with gray signs on words,text with spaces between words, text with gray signs on non-words and text with space signs on non-words. The results have showed that (1) the sentences with gray signs on words produced a longer reading time of the deaf readers than that of age matched hearing group; (2) space word conditions reduced total reading time and gaze duration on words for the deaf readers, but did not affect those of reading matched hearing group; (3) text with gray signs on non-word and space non-word conditions increase the total reading time and gaze duration on words for the deaf readers, less than those of reading matched hearing group; in addition, (4) the results also showed that the space non-word conditions hindered the total reading time and gaze duration on words for the deaf readers less than those of reading matched hearing group, this condition also reduces the regresssion probability of the deaf, but did not affect the reading matched hearing group. These results suggested that word segmentation is essential for the reading of Chinese deaf, and that the deaf segment words differently from the hearing readers.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 457-464 [Abstract] ( 260 ) PDF (676 KB)  ( 1107 )
465 The Double-edged Sword Effect of Employee Alcohol Consumption on Job Performance—A Perspective of Resource Conservation
While employee alcohol consumption is widely recognized to be relevant to employee well-being and organizational health care costs, the management literature has yet to clarify why alcohol consumption influences job performance. According to the theory of Conservation of Resources , the paper performed a cross-disciplinary review of three key disciplines (Objective/constructive, energy, and social support) to develop a framework that serves to identify how employee alcohol consumption relates to job performance. The framework acknowledges that employee alcohol consumption has a double-edged sword effect on employee performance. Next, the paper proposed that the effects of alcohol consumption are determined by some boundary conditions such as individual factors (gender and gene) and organizational climate (drinking norms and machismo). Suggestions for future research are discussed and offered.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 465-472 [Abstract] ( 310 ) PDF (666 KB)  ( 1593 )
473 The Impact of Emotional Regulation Strategies on Moral Decision-making under Different Cognitive Resources
FAN Ning, ZHANG Chen, JING Shu–zhen
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of cognitive reappraisal and expression inhibition on moral decision-making under different cognitive resources by using the time pressure paradigm and the Stroop task separately. The results showed that: (1) under the condition of unrestricted cognitive resources, both cognitive reappraisal and expression inhibition can make subjects more inclined to choose utilitarian decisions; (2) when cognitive resources are limited, compared with cognitive reappraisal, expression inhibition can make subjects more inclined to choose utilitarian decisions. It suggests that the expression inhibition is less dependent on cognitive resources and it can effectively regulate negative emotions and lead to more utilitarian decisions even when cognitive resources are limited.
2022 Vol. 28 (5): 473-480 [Abstract] ( 418 ) PDF (635 KB)  ( 1247 )
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