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2024 Vol. 30, No. 4
Published: 2024-08-31
 
291 Why Are There So Many Empirical Articles on Moderating or Mediating Effects？
WEN Zhonglin, LIU Fang, ZHENG Yuandan, LIAO Xinyi, HUANG Yinan
The analysis of moderating or mediating effects is widely used in questionnaire based research. Several ways were summarized to find modeling evidence for mediating and moderating effects analysis. From both practical and theoretical perspectives, we explain why there are so many empirical articles on moderating or mediating effects. It cannot be generalized that having too many articles of this kind is not appropriate. The correct approach is to examine whether the model assumptions in an article are reasonable and whether the statistical methods are used appropriately.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 291-297 [Abstract] ( 413 ) PDF (413 KB)  ( 2752 )
298 Does cognitive load based on working memory inhibit or enhance distractor interference?
XU Shuang-xing，WANG Zi-le，ZHU Song-nan，ZHANG Qi
The key to selective attention that ignores irrelevant stimuli and focuses on relevant stimuli lies in the type and level of load involved in task processing. Load theory divides load into perceptual and cognitive load and finds that high perceptual load inhibits distractor distraction and high cognitive load enhances distraction. Subsequent studies have diverged from load theory in terms of the effect of cognitive load on distraction. On the basis of previous studies, this paper explored the causes of disagreement and summarized the factors influencing the distraction effect. Future research on cognitive load could actively explore joint research with other application areas to speed up the translation of theoretical findings to clinical applications.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 298-310 [Abstract] ( 328 ) PDF (489 KB)  ( 2050 )
311 The Processing Mechanism and Development Stages of Chinese Idiom Comprehension
FANG Yuan-yuan，XIE Rui-bo，NGUYEN Thi-Phuong，WANG Zhen-liang，WU Xin-chun
Chinese idiom is an important part of children’s language development and generally exists in spoken and written language. The synthesis of previous studies shows that idiom familiarity, semantic decomposition, and context play an important role in the processing of idiom comprehension, but the specific mental processing mechanism is not clear. Based on the Global Elaboration Model and Dynamic Interplay Theory, this article proposes a Dynamic Processing Mechanism Model for Chinese idiom comprehension, then summarizes the idiom developmental stages. Meanwhile, the corresponding research directions are also discussed.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 311-322 [Abstract] ( 262 ) PDF (770 KB)  ( 476 )
323 Acquisition and Development of Social Norms in Early Childhood: The Social Interaction Perspective
BIAN Feng，ZHANG Wen，LI Su，MU Yan
Social norms are a set of behavioral norms that reflects the common values, expectations, and beliefs shared by most society members, which is helpful to solve social chaos and keep the society functioning well. Understanding social norms and the improvement of norm-related processes are of great significance to children’s social development, adjustment, and further entering into adulthood. Effective social interaction with others provides an important context for norm-related processes. The present review discussed the potential bidirectional link between interpersonal interaction (i.e., parent-child interaction and peer interaction) and social norm-related processes in early childhood. On one hand, preschoolers’ social norms have a strong role model from their parents. The pattern of parent-child interaction can affect preschoolers’ norm acquisition and compliance. Preschoolers’ perceived group norms and the social motivation when interacting with peers can influence their social norm acquisition and enforcement. On the other hand, preschoolers’ norm development can promote parent-child interaction and peer interaction by enhancing social cognition abilities, following normative information, and maintaining reputation. Future directions should focus on 1) investigating the relation between social interaction and various types of social norms to explore the mechanisms underlying them and their influencing factors; 2) developing the paradigm with high ecological validity to provide direct evidence; 3) conducting interpersonal neuroscience studies of social norms among children in early childhood; and 4) designing interventions for favorable social norms in normal children and exceptional children.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 323-335 [Abstract] ( 273 ) PDF (706 KB)  ( 544 )
336 Understanding and Cultivating Grit: Current Status and Future Prospects
ZHANG Fan，CAI Ying，GAO Zaifeng， HE Hongjian， HU Yuzheng， WANG Tengfei， LU Yun
Grit, as a positive psychological quality, has garnered widespread attention since its introduction by Duckworth et al. in 2007 and has significantly impacted educational policy-making in Western countries. Despite its growing importance, there has been few Chinese systematic reviews regarding girt. This paper reveals the development trends, summarizes its measurement, neural foundations and influencing factors, and summarizes the mechanisms by which girt affects achievement. Furthermore, this paper elaborates on existing intervention strategies to enhance girt quality. Finally, this paper prospects the future development directions of girt, including in-depth research into its internal structure, mechanisms predicting achievement, and the development of effective intervention programs.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 336-347 [Abstract] ( 172 ) PDF (728 KB)  ( 1860 )
348 The Effects of Social Norms and Norm Conflicts on Internet Altruistic Intentions
HU Bo，DU Wen-bo，CHEN Chao-yang
Under the framework of the focus theory of normative conducts, two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of two types of social norms (i.e., descriptive norms and injunctive norms) on ones’ internet altruistic intentions. Particularly, we examined their effects under conditions with social norm conflict. The results showed that when being used separately, both strong injunctive norms and strong descriptive norms effectively increase one’s internet altruistic intentions; however, both weak injunctive norms and weak descriptive norms failed to significantly decease the intentions. Also, under conditions with norm conflict, both weak injunctive–strong descriptive condition and strong injunctive–weak descriptive condition can change ones’ internet altruistic intentions; however, no significant differences in outcomes were found between these two conditions. These findings help deepen the understanding of the focus theory of normative conducts and provide empirical evidence for effective internet information management and the establishment of internet behavior standards.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 348-356 [Abstract] ( 269 ) PDF (692 KB)  ( 734 )
357 The Influence of Prosodic Boundaries on the Time Interval between Pinyin Letters While Inputting Chinese Characters
LIU Wei-ren，Lian Xiang-yi，ZHUANG Xiang-ling，MA Guo-jie
Due to the abundance of homophones and the lack of tone differentiation in Pinyin input, the conversion from Pinyin letters to Chinese characters is not unique, which reduces the efficiency of Pinyin input method. Based on the psychomotor processes in Chinese input processes, this study explored the effect of prosodic boundaries on the time intervals of Pinyin letter input. Hence, we conducted two experiments using natural passages and ambiguous Pinyin strings (One ambiguous Pinyin string can refer to 3 types of prosodic boundaries and Chinese characters. For example, the pinyin "xian" may refer to “现”在, “西安” and 详“细安”排). Participants were asked to input the corresponding Pinyin letters of our materials in full Pinyin format, and the time intervals between adjacent Pinyin letters were recorded. The results indicate that the prosodic boundaries of Pinyin affect the time intervals of Pinyin letters' input, with the higher-level prosodic hierarchy leading to the longer time intervals.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 357-364 [Abstract] ( 239 ) PDF (741 KB)  ( 368 )
365 Study on Influence Mechanism of Risk Perception on Safety Behavior
LIU Xue-li，WANG Qian，LI Ji-zu
To explore the impact of risk perception on unsafe behavior and its mechanism, this work conducted a study on 304 male employees in high-risk industries using the Risk Perception Scale, the Self-Regulating Fatigue Scale, the Organizational Silence Scale and the Unsafe Behavior Scale. The results show that risk perception influences unsafe behavior through the complete mediating effect of self-regulating fatigue, and perceived organizational silence promotes the effect of self-regulating fatigue on unsafe behavior. In other words, compared with employees who perceived a low organizational silence atmosphere, the degree of self-regulating fatigue of employees who perceived a high organizational silence atmosphere had a greater impact on unsafe behavior.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 365-372 [Abstract] ( 217 ) PDF (695 KB)  ( 1199 )
373 Why do Leaders Give Shorter Time?—The Influence of Power on Time Cognition and Its Mechanisms
LI Qing-qing，GAO Ming，DENG Yan-fang，ZHOU Zong-kui
People tend to underestimate the expected time to complete tasks, and this biased time cognition is known as the planning fallacy. As a basic concept of social science, power is defined as the ability to achieve one's or organization's goals and influence the results of others by asymmetrically controlling over valued resources. Although the existing studies have shown that power can significantly affect individual time cognition, the underlying mechanism underlying this relationship is not clear. The purpose of this review is to reveal the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of power on time cognition by systematically summarizing the existing empirical and theoretical studies. Specifically, research has shown that high-power people (vs. the low) are more likely to underestimate the expected time needed to complete tasks and overestimate the available time resource at present. Moreover, individual possessing high power also perceives the temporal distance between present and future is closer as well as shows a lower level of temporal discounting. In summary, the underlying mechanisms underlying the effect of power on time cognition involve attention, motivation, sense of control, temporal self, and thinking style. Future studies should be needed to further examine the effect of power on time cognition from the perspective of more ecological interpersonal relationship and social situation, investigate the regulatory role of situational cues and individual’s goal-orientation in the association of power with prosocial behaviors, and expand the effect of power from the cultural background.
2024 Vol. 30 (4): 373-384 [Abstract] ( 290 ) PDF (751 KB)  ( 584 )
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