Abstract：Psychology is the scientific study of human cognition and behavior. A major trend in its current development involves addressing pressing societal issues by providing theoretical explanations and intervention strategies for complex social problems (Walton & Dweck, 2009). In recent years, psychology’s role at the societal level has gained increasing recognition, demonstrating its disciplinary significance in promoting social development and enhancing collective well-being. This paper systematically explores the distinctive contributions of psychology and behavioral economics in understanding and addressing the developmental challenges faced by low-income populations. It constructs a theoretical framework centered on cognitive restructuring and behavioral nudging, which seeks to move beyond purely material or structural explanations. Instead, it examines the psychological and behavioral mechanisms underlying the reproduction of disadvantage and proposes feasible intervention strategies. The paper argues that the short-term decision-making patterns and self-limiting behaviors observed among low-income individuals are not psychological “defects,” but rather adaptive responses to threatening and uncertain social environments. Building on this perspective, the study identifies two key intervention pathways—cognitive restructuring and behavioral nudging—and outlines corresponding strategies that provide psychological insights for achieving sustainable and internally driven poverty alleviation.
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